Urban Consolidation And Its Effects On The Fringe Areas Of...

Urban consolidation is the process of increasing or maintaining the density of housing in established residential areas. The ultimate aim of urban consolidation is to reduce development on the fringe areas of the city. It is often realised by densification, high-rise development and urban renewal. The process of Urban Consolidation involves an increase in the number of houses or apartments within existing areas so that they can have more efficient use of services and reduce the impact on the environment. Urban Consolidation is used as a means to reduce the total amount of land needed to house the population. Ultimately it is through the; demographics and population, changing nature of the built environment, and transport, that a study of urban consolidation in chatswood can be underaken. There are two main componetns to population change, in this case population growth. These are natural increase and migration. In 2001 Chatswood had a population of 16,006 people. This increased to 20,967 by 2011. In 2001 the fertility rate in Chatswood was 1.74, not replacement level however with a young population it meant substantial growing for the next few years. As well as this there was a surge in migration, mainly being asian immigrants. Transcript of an interview with Nicholas Murphy. When did you move chatswood Well i ve lived in chatswood my whole life, my parents moved here in 1930 s during the great depression, it was real hard to get work so they moved here from theShow MoreRelatedRestaurant Business9347 Words   |  38 Pagesfurther analyze some of the thing they need to consider in putting up a restaurant business. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study aims to investigate the marketing, technical, management and financial viability of a restaurant business here in Cabanatuan City. Specifically, it will seek to answer the following; 1. What are the activities we need to plan and accomplish in order to start a restaurant business? 2. Who are our competitors and what are the possible marketing strategies we need to formulateRead MoreMerger and Acquisition of Indian Banks8911 Words   |  36 Pages 4. Conclusions and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦47 5. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...48 LITERATURE REVIEW Our research mainly identifies the changing pattern of average share prices of the acquirer company and whether the overall effect has been positive or not. The research papers, we have studied for this purpose includes: 1. MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SYNERGIES, EXTERNALITIES AND DYNAMICS BY- RACHEL T. A. CROSON, ARMANDO GOMES, KATHLEEN L. MCGINNRead MoreThe Accounting Profession and Nat39077 Words   |  157 Pagesscience of accountancy in line with ANAN s vision and mission. In this maiden edition of The Journal of Accounting we try to grapple with the following issues: The Effect of Audit on Corporate Sustainability, Growth and Development; Accounting and Nation Building; The Role of Accountants in the Attainment of Banking Sector Consolidation Objectives in Nigeria; The Use of Ratios in Financial Analysis and Prediction of Financial Crisis; The Relationship and Problems of Auditors in a Joint Audit Exercise:Read MoreMicromax Market Analysis10043 Words   |  41 Pagesinvestigated †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Study the marketing strategy of Micromax Mobiles over the last two years. Comparative analysis with other players like Nokia, Samsung, lava, Maxx etc. Studying the brand image amongst consumers. Studying its transition from rural to urban India. Objectives of the study ï‚ · ï‚ · To Study the marketing strategy of Micromax mobiles. A new cell phone Company challenging Samsung India Electronics Pvt. Ltd and LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd as one of the top three sellers of cellular phonesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesJoanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, PoliticalRead MoreIntroduction to Fmcg Industry8866 Words   |  36 Pagescategories and growing the customer base are core concerns for consumer product companies. Firms are looking to maximize profits and market share in a highly competitive environment that includes such challenges and risks as demanding customers, consolidation and global expansion. http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_AU/au/industries/consumerbusiness/fmcg/index.htm FMCG industry, alternatively called as CPG (Consumer packaged goods) industry primarily deals with the production, distribution and marketingRead MoreTrends in Hotel Industry13993 Words   |  56 Pagespastures of growth. Availability of qualified human resources and untapped geographical resources give great prospects to the hospitality industry. The number of tourists coming to India is growing year after year. Likewise, internal tourism is another area with great potentials.   | 1. Low cost carriers:  Travelers in general are more price sensitive to airfare than they are to hotel room rates. Often a low airfare will stimulate demand for travel even if hotel prices are increasing. LCCs are a good optionRead MoreA Study on Customer Preference in Retail Store- Adani Store28361 Words   |  114 Pages | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The grand project at ADANI HYPERMARKET, Ahmedabad was very informative and knowledge giving. We have done Research Study on the consumer preferences on garment. The Research Study was confined to Ahmedabad City with a sample size of 250. We have primary data through questionnaire. We have also used different retail magazine and web-site for require information in our secondary data. At the end of the Research study we have come to the conclusion that ADANIRead MoreOb Practices at Chaudhary Group in Nepal13261 Words   |  54 PagesDiversity Management Table of Content Abstract 3 Executive Summary 6 Acknowledgment 8 1. Introduction 9 1.1 Introduction of Chaudhary Group 9 1.1.1. Vision 9 1.1.2. Mission 9 1.1.3. Management Philosophy 10 1.1.4. Core Values 10 1.2. Business Area 11 1.2.1. FMCG 11 1.2.2. Consumer Durables 12 1.2.3. Automobile 13 1.2.4. Infrastructure 13 1.2.5. Financial Services 14 1.2.6. Specialties 15 1.2.7. Citizen Chaudhary 16 1.3. Future Plans and Programs 17 1.4. Organization Structure 18 1Read MoreMobile Payment18262 Words   |  74 Pagesalbeit in rather specific areas. l The mobile tigers: Somewhat surprisingly, the most mobile-penetrated territories on the planet — Hong Kong, Singapore, Taipei — have shown little comparable adoption of m-payments, except in the use of contactless cards for transportation and some limited retail usage. l The giants: The very large but less-developed markets of China, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines are demonstrating rapid take-up across a range of areas from remittance and bill payment

How English Literature Affects the Monarchy - 2997 Words

Literature has become the most important factor in the construction of the English monarchy. It has become the way in which people communicate and share their ideas throughout the world. English literature is the essential piece in ruling a country and determining the future for that country. In England, English literature has evolved through a number of versions due to the changes made to the policies and laws, religion, culture, and the monarchy. Henry VIII was born on June 28, 1491 by Elizabeth of York and Henry VII at Greenwich Palace (BBC News). In his early age, he was very interested in the arts and enjoyed reading literature. In 1509, Henry VIII succeeded his father Henry VII (1457-1509), but had originally become heir to the throne after his older brother, Prince Arthur, died in 1502 (Henry VIII (r.1509-1547)). He reigned during the House of Tudor monarchy when he was only eighteen years old until he died in 1547, having Edward VI succeed him. Throughout his years of reign, he married six women including: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr. In 1527, Henry divorced Catherine of Aragon, since she could no longer conceive children, and became infatuated with Anne Boleyn (Henrys Divorce). This decision led to the English Protestant Reformation which were â€Å"a series of events...[in] which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope an d the Roman Catholic Church† (English Reformation).Show MoreRelatedSociological Criticism of William Blake’s Poetry Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesSociological criticism analyzes the political, economic, and cultural aspects of literature. To examine literature from the perspective of Marxist social theory is a quintessential form of sociological criticism, as Marxism primarily deals with political and economic ideas of communism and social inequality. William Blake, a Romantic poet, frequently wrote on the topic of class oppression and his opposition to the exploitation of the proletariat by the capitalists. Blake’s ideology and preferenceRead MorePolitical Leadership : United Kingdom, China, And Russia Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pageshas their own specific standards, including those who lead their people to the best glory. Everyone has their own leaders with each having their own style. Democracy, tyranny, communism, or organizations help keep order in each c ountry. With that, how the way the country is run may aid in the relationships with another country. Many of the world’s innovating, powerful countries are seen to have major differences with their style of political leadership --United States, United Kingdom, China, andRead MoreWestern Colonization Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pagesbecame the target because of its widely nature products and lack of military power. The ancient country was suffering the colonial bearing. As English invade , many parts of India were changed such as culture, traditions and political structure. They also influenced Indians on language. In old days, they usually used Hindi, but now they almost use English. Some changes are positive while others are negative. Overall, in my opinion, the changes made by mixing culture do more harmful to India thanRead MoreEssay on Macbeth Irony1587 Words   |  7 Pages MACBETH amp; DRAMATIC IRONY nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The story of Macbeth written by the infamous William Shakespeare is an excellent storyline known and taught as a great piece of literature. Even after the creation of this tale almost 400 years ago, this wonderful written work is still admired and known all over the world. It is an adventure of a noble and truthful hero who is overcome by the lust for power and by greed. His aroused hunger for authority and supremacy leads to him losingRead MoreMacbeth Irony1610 Words   |  7 PagesMACBETH DRAMATIC IRONY The story of Macbeth written by the infamous William Shakespeare is an excellent storyline known and taught as a great piece of literature. Even after the creation of this tale almost 400 years ago, this wonderful written work is still admired and known all over the world. It is an adventure of a noble and truthful hero who is overcome by the lust for power and by greed. His aroused hunger for authority and supremacy leads to him losing his path and turning to the wayRead MoreThe Culture Of Latin America Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesLatin America are numerous and different, too comprehensive to name separately. But, there are some definite elements of culture and population which are same across Latin America. These similar characteristics of region distinguish the area from English-speaking America. The period when European colonists (particularly Portuguese and Spanish) arrived during the 16th century, they found numerous flourishing native cultures. The Spanish and Portuguese also observed the practice of hunter-gatherer tribesRead MoreHow The Christian Faith Broke Into So Many Different Denominations?2033 Words   |  9 PagesJoseph Suarez Miss Czel English II 22 March 2016 Have you ever wondered how the Christian faith broke into so many different denominations? It all started around the 16th century with a man named Martin Luther. He began a religious movement called the Protestant reformation. During this period many people and countries broke away from the Catholic faith. The countries England and Scotland were some countries that broke away and the English king, Henry VIII began the break from Catholicism and foundedRead MoreHarold Godwinson : A Powerful Anglo Saxon Family2028 Words   |  9 PagesAnglia, Essex, Kent, and Sussex. Wessex existed as a kingdom until the English state was made in the 9th century and Wessex has not had any official existence since that time. Now Wessex is considered a part of the UK/ England. What was their society like? The period between when Wessex was founded and when it was dissolved the kingdom ran under the monarchy system. A monarchy is a form of government where the monarchy is in charge, like the royal family. Linked to this, Wessex ran on theRead More John Miltons Life and Writing Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pagescertainly is a compliment of what Cromwell accomplished (Norton 1813 lines 3-4). While Cromwell was a large factor of this phase, he was not the only one. In fact, Milton’s first wife, Mary Powell, greatly affected his works also; unfortunately her affect was a negative one. Milton wrote â€Å"The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce,† which was a result of his unhappy marriage with Mary Powell. Milton used this poem to express, basically why his marriage was a failure, and what a good marriage must haveRead MoreWithin the Context of 1474-1598 to What Extent Did Ferdinand and Isabella Lay the Foundations for a Golden Age?8020 Words   |  33 PagesAge has long been aff iliated with the growth of a uniquely Spanish identity that arose with the flourishing of arts, architecture and literature expanding notably in the years of Phillip II, and flourishing in the 17th century – the same century traditionalist historians identify as the decline of Spain. To consider the golden age of Spain on a purely art and literature basis however misses the point, the Golden Age in all contexts appeared from the development of the Spanish Empire. On the European

Why i picked up a gun Free Essays

â€Å"Bad stress, good stress† In about 150 words The story is about stress. Stress has become a common word In the dally parlance, and that’s makes the present people to think they have stress Just by going to the mall or to have a hard day at work. But In the past you got stress by going to war or by pushing yourself to get through the day. We will write a custom essay sample on Why i picked up a gun or any similar topic only for you Order Now We hear about that the Government In 2004 announced that stress has cost the UK economy El 3. 5 billion, because of lost productivity and illness at work. Then we also hear about Dry Bond who means that people often says they are stressed, when the actually just are afraid of feeling afraid. But the good news is that it is possible to teach people to handle stress more effectively than it has been and the technique which comes from Clare Harris, a lecturer from the Praxis Centre for Developing Personal Effectiveness, can be adopted across the world. Give an outline for the various stress-related problems presented in the four texts. Test 1: Mind Body this week: Danger: stress at work Stress Is related directly with the need to hide emotions at work. Stress also affects teachers, because It Is them who have to control the children In the school. A high emotion work experience more stress than others. The most stressed group Is them who are thinking negative thoughts about the past. Test 2: Bad stress, good stress The stress problem comes because people have made the word become a common world in the daily parlance. Stress can also be related to the feeling of being afraid. Another effect could be that people are doing some ridiculous things, like punching the wall, drinking or attacking other people they know are weak like them self. Test 3: Stress relief Stress can take different forms. It’s not only the negative things in life, which can create stress. Being too busy can result in excessive surges of adrenaline In the body. To work too hard to get the chance to buy expensive thing, Is also a pressure. Test 4: Stress can be good for you but not for long Even small things can affect the stress level, for example the torture of commuting, frustrations with computers freezing in the worst moments. But a study claims that stress isn’t always bad for people. But permanent stress will be dangerous and it will effect the immune system also. Comment on the following statement: â€Å"If you want to live long and healthily, don’t settle into routines† Maybe the following statement means that routines can be bad for you, you might come In a bad routine, but not only that, but if you Just think in routines in general, then you might see that it is bad for you, because if you don’t follow your routine, it might stress you or you even get in bad mood, because you feel that you are missing something. But when you think by living healthy Is can be both good and bad with routines, because maybe you have a DOD routine by going to the gym and eat healthy, then It’s good for you, but at the other way, It also might be bad, because It can also effect you If you one day don’t have the time to go to the gym, then you might get In a bad mood or you can get In a bad routine and eat a lot of fat food and that can be very bad for you as well. Manage stress as a student. How to manage stress as a student? That’s the question many people have these days. As a student you can some very stressed days, maybe you have to be in school until late afternoon, or maybe you have a part time Job side the school, or you are living alone or maybe you Just like spending time with your friends. All these factors can affect your stress level, but the way you can manage this, is by going to school, then making your homework, and Just take it easy. Friends can you later at the day or in the weekend. It’s Just about taking it slow, do your thing in your own tempo and an important thing is priority. Most of it depends on how you priority your day and your things. Do the things that you and your body can manage, and don’t go under for the pressure that can occur in your daily life. Fight for the things you want. How to cite Why i picked up a gun, Papers

New York Yankees free essay sample

Ever since they became an official organization in 1903, the New York Yankees have established themselves as one of the world’s top sport organizations. As a Major League Baseball team, they have historically achieved the ultimate goal of winning the World Series and have gained fans and profit in the process. With thirty-one different managers, the Yankees have won a total of twenty-six World Series and have built a fan base across the globe (â€Å"New†, 2008). Nowadays, the organization even makes yearly revenue close to 300 million dollars (Cohen, 2007). I chose this organization because I believe that their structure and management style is the definition of success. I will apply most of the methods and concepts from the book and from class to the Yankees, and I will discuss why I consider them to be one of the world’s greatest sport organizations today. First, when analyzing the New York Yankees from a managerial perspective, it is important to consider the structure and management style of the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on New York Yankees or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, the New York Yankees have three levels of managers: the owner or executive manager who monitors the business environment (George Steinbrenner), the general manager or middle manager who negotiates and controls player transactions (Brian Cashman), and the field manager or first-line supervisor who supervises individuals within the organization (Joe Girardi). For them to be successful, all of these parts need to work together and form a systems-based organization. In this open system, where everything is â€Å"relatively open to the influences of the environment in which it lives† (Chelladurai, 2005), Steinbrenner is able to react to the goals, structures, and processes of the organization, as well as employers, customers, and so forth. Even though the Yankees did not make the playoffs this year, it is easy to see how the system is successful. All of the managers perform certain tasks, some of which include planning, organizing, leading, and evaluating. Each of these levels do these things for different time frames. When discussing the roles of the Yankee managers, it is important to note that all of them have been successful. Brian Cashman has a large decisional role because he has to make the correct decisions for the fans to be content and the team to win. Back when the Yankees won several consecutive championships in the ‘90s, Joe Torre (field manager) was a leader of the team with excellent human skills. He was able to interact with his players in a way that allowed them to perform at or above their potential, and he also had an incredible amount of knowledge for the types of players he needed to succeed. The owner and general manager had good technical and conceptual skills because it was important that they plan, evaluate, and organize the formation of a successful organization. They had to evaluate the existing organization, plan what players to trade for, and organize the business matters. I know that the organization’s main goal is to win national championships, but they also want to be effective and efficient in doing so. When the owner George Steinbrenner goes out and gets all-star caliber players to win the American League East division and the World Series, he has to pay a lot of money in order to attract them to his team. In terms of being a successful leader, it is obvious that George Steinbrenner â€Å"exerts influence in a way that achieves the organization’s goals by enhancing the productivity and satisfaction of the work force† (Chelladurai, 2005) because he is trying to achieve his goals by getting the best players in the league and making his team more productive. It has been known that George Steinbrenner spends the most money on his players in the league, so the efficiency of the team is minimized even though they have the largest fan base out of any organization. The effectiveness, however, in drawing the support of fans, emotionally and economically, is maximized, since the people want to see the best teams with the best athletes play. In 2004, â€Å"by the completion of the season, which saw Joe Torre at its helm for his ninth season, the New York Yankees had set a new team record for largest team attendance thanks to 3,775,292 loyal fans who attended home games at Yankee Stadium† (â€Å"New†, 2008). You can see here how popular the organization has become, and I can only imagine how much more money it can make in the future. In conclusion, I have analyzed an organization that I felt would help me understand the concepts and methods that are associated with sport management. Based on the structure and personnel of the New York Yankees baseball club now and in the past, I classify it as being one of the world’s most successful organizations. This statement can only be judged by the results that have accompanied the Yankees ever since its inception, twenty-six championships and a world-wide fan base.

The Odyssey - Role of Women free essay sample

Although women occupied an entirely different position in society compared to men, they too held a certain sphere of influence and power; they simply exerted it in ways that were distinct from men’s strategies. By observing the many female characters in The Odyssey, for example; Penelope, Circe, and Calypso, we are able to understand that back then women were inferior to men yet they had power in that they were able to draw men in so quickly and easily (for example sirens, they sing so beautifully that men get drawn in from lust for these things with such beautifull voices, but the sirens are killers and they kill any man on a ship that passes), also they are portrayed as being very wise in The Odyssey, Athena’s appositive most of the time is â€Å"bright-eyed Athena† which is portraying that as the godess of wisdom, even in disguise, as mentor etc. We will write a custom essay sample on The Odyssey Role of Women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page , she still has her bright sparkling eyes which portray her as a very wise woman. This is the same with Penelope as she is portrayed as wise throughout most of The Odyssey. By examining the character of Penelope, the wife of Odysseus, one can see just how women exerted their power and influence in The Odyssey and to what ends. Penelope uses clever cunning and sexual charm to toy with men’s emotions and to meet her own needs while she is waiting for her husband to return from battle. On one hand, she represents motherly characteristics mothers in The Odyssey are seen as the givers of pity and sorrow rather than true â€Å"supporters† of their sons and husbands in terms of military or personal quests. Mothers as seen throughout The Odyssey are women in need of support and guidance as they are weak and fragile, without a steady male hand to guide them, these women apppear to be lost and inconsolable. but she also has some of the traits associated with the seductresses seen in The Odyssey, such as Circe and Clytemnestra. Following the role of a mother figure, Penelope mourns her lost love, seemingly oblivious (at first) to the attentions of the suitors. One major role of women in The Odyssey is their roles as seductresses. When Odysseus’ crew arrives on Circe’s island, they are attracted to Circe’s house because of the alluring voice of the beautiful but monstrous goddess. Homer describes her as â€Å"singing in a sweet voice as she went up and down a great design on a loom, immortal such as goddesses have, delicate and lovely and glorious in their work. † (Book 10, Line 221) Odysseus’ men respond to this by calling onto her and entering her house. The men’s desire for Circe allows the goddess to exploit their weaknesses, trick them, and magically turn them into swine. Odysseus, only, with the help of a protective drug and advice provided by Hermes, goes to rescue his men from Circe’s island. He follows Hermes’ exact instructions and when the goddess attempts to strike him with her sword, he lunges at her. Odysseus draws his sword and says, â€Å"Swear me a great oath that there is no other evil hurt you devise against me. † (Book 10 Line 344) Homer has Odysseus draw his sword at this moment; perhaps he aims to show how a woman’s appeal and sexuality is a threat to male dominance. Such interactions between men and women add a certain dynamic to the epic and make it more interesting and easier for the reader to identify with the story. Although, Odysseus is very sly and resourceful, many times even he finds himself lost when he is in these types of situations with seductive women. Odysseus was so infatuated with Circe that he remained on her island for a year, completely forgetting about going home until his men convinced him to leave. One other moment when we see the importance of gender in The Odyssey is during Odysseus’ seven-year stay with Calypso on her island. When Odysseus relays the story of Calypso, he changes the story slightly to give the perception that he was held prisoner and lamented the entire time he was there. However, Homer gives us some insight when he says; â€Å"the nymph was no longer pleasing to him. † (Book 5, Line 153) which implies that at some point Odysseus did enjoy himself with the goddess on the island. Calypso offered him immortality and a life of ease. When Odysseus was exhausted with this lifestyle and longed for his wife and homecoming, Calypso tried to use her wiles to convince him to stay with her. She compares herself to Odysseus’ wife Penelope saying, â€Å"I think I can claim that I am not her inferior either in build or stature, since it is not likely that mortal women can challenge the goddesses for build and beauty. † (Book 5, Line 211) When Odysseus still longs to return home, Calypso forces him to stay on the island. This is against the ideals of Homeric Greek women. Calypso diplays a dominant and manipulative side, which is another threat against male dominance. Calypso’s ability to impede Odysseus’ voyage for seven years, signifies the belief that powerful women can create danger. In this situation, Homer tells us, if a woman does not accept her place as an impuissant, she is likely to slow down or prevent a man from reaching his goals. The Homeric Greek men consider women valuable but only to satisfy their physical needs. Zeus eventually sends Hermes as a messenger to command Calypso to allow Odysseus to return home. Calypso complains that the gods are allowed to take mortal lovers while someone always interferes with the affairs of the goddesses. Calypso complains about this double standard but eventually meets Zeus’ request. This is an excellent example of the male biased Homeric Greek society. This epic is dependant on the role of women. It is difficult to completely judge the beliefs about gender roles in Greek culture based solely on The Odyssey. At times, the roles and actions of women in this poem show the male chauvinist view, that they are objects of beauty and have to succumb to manipulation and trickery to accomplish a goal. There are other times when a woman’s strength and intelligence come through. Homer uses this interplay to make the epic more interesting and develops an underlying theme of a battle of the sexes.

Improvement needed for my community Essays

Improvement needed for my community Essays Improvement needed for my community Essay Improvement needed for my community Essay Every another society is made up of great communities. The welfare of these communities is what contributes to a well-performing society in general. Therefore, it is very critical to consider the developments of these communities. In this case, a study is done to establish the factors that improve the welfare of a society that we live. Especially in a community, there should be the improvement in the healthcare of the community Pigg, Kenneth (2013). In a city, the government should set up high-quality health care centers equipped with all necessary tools that will ensure that the local people can access quality health care to sustain and improve the health standards in the community. The government should work tirelessly to bring in qualified doctors from the community to create employment opportunities to the locals, which will improve the per capita income of the locals in the community. With these healthcare facilities around the issue of early childhood, mortality as well as ov erall mortality in the population will be reduced significantly. Additionally, the government should set up education centers in the community. Education is known to be the key to success in many fields. Educating the local folks, the city will have invested in the future of the current generation because with education the locals can now fit in the competitive world and challenge for the top positions. As a result, the community will have an increased rate of employment, which increases the wealth of the community. In setting up learning institutions in the community, the young generation will be effectively involved in learning hence, reducing the chances of the young generation getting lost in the vices of prostitution, crime and even more so drug abuse, which is known to maim the development of people in a community. Every city requires high-security measures to protect the locals from exploitation from themselves and even intruders who would want to take advantage of an insecure community and loot their property. As a result, the government should set up police stations across the community to make it easier for the locals to access help whenever they require assistance Pigg, Kenneth (2013). The police stations should be well equipped to tackle all kind of complaints is it fire, robbery or any other type difficulty. The police stations should also have hotlines that the locals can call and get instant help at any time of the day and night. The security should be organized in a manner that it involves the locals in their operations because it is the locals who are more conversant with the problems facing the community. Involving the locals also increases efficiency in operations since the people will be more participative in the initiative hence reducing the chances of crime in the community. For the community to be successful, it needs to exploit all the available resources to their advantage. Mostly, the city might lack the capabilities of fully use the resources, and therefore the community should welcome foreign investors to come and invest Pigg, Kenneth (2013). By investing here, the community will be the first beneficiaries of the investments because they will be availed a wide range of products to choose from which increases the quality of life in the community. The foreign investors will lay the infrastructure for more business, which will benefit the locals for they will now have an easier channel to get their products to the market. If the community improves these sectors, then it will grow extra dimensions in their economic income as a whole. Bibliography Pigg, Kenneth. Community Leadership Development: The Effects on Community Development. Community Development 44.4 (2013): 408-10. Web.

The role of women in Japanese Theatre and the portrayal of Japanese Essay

The role of women in Japanese Theatre and the portrayal of Japanese women in western theatre - Essay Example This persona has been carried forward into the Western traditions of portrayals of Japanese females in popular theater which is typified in â€Å"Madame Butterflyâ€Å". The performance of female parts in most Japanese theater is done by male actors. This tradition in both the kabuki and the bunraki is still primarily maintained today. However, the performance of the gidayu is a tradition that has included female performers since the late 16th or early 17th century (Coaldrake, 1997, pp. 13). The performance of the gidayu is similar to the oral traditions of story telling in the Western traditions. However, it is done in a chanting voice that emotes action and the furtherance of the story through a combination of this chanting and of song. The skill of the performer is measured by how well she engages her audience and helps them visualize the play without an actual visual performance. The performance is accompanied by an instrument that is played by the artist. This tradition is part of the geisha traditions and artistries as well as those who are dedicated solely to this type of performance. Traditionally, The Edo period, running from 1603 to 1868 saw a great deal of restrictions in the activities of all people, but even more so for women. During the late Edo period there were attempts to try and suppress global influences that might subvert the Japanese heritage and traditions. One of these attempts was through the suppression of extravagances in art, which included the public performances by women (Coaldrake, 1997, pp. 12). These attempts, however, were largely unsuccessful as seen through the remaining existence of this type of performance in Japan. The onnagata are male performers who portray female parts in the kabuki. The origins of the all male kabuki as the only kabuki did not occur until the early 17th century when in 1629 females were prohibited from performing. Previous to this time all female

Marketing strategy assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing strategy assignment - Essay Example â€Å"Samsung has adopted an aggressive branding and advertising strategy to transform the company from the manufacturer of cheaper Japanese brands products to a global brand known for innovations, cutting edge technology and leading design† (Farhoomand, 2013, p.13). Consumer preferences and loyalty are essential for the development of a brand. As per the views of marketing experts, strong brands can capture consumer preferences and loyalty. Samsung is a stronger brand since it is able to offer different products such as mobile phones, televisions, computers, washing machines, Fridge, air conditioners, semi-conductor devises etc. Moreover, Samsung has stronger presences in most of the continents. Even though American company, Apple Inc. is one of the strongest competitors of Samsung, the company is able to penetrate deep into American market also. In fact Samsung is using diversified products as a mean to establish its brand in different continents and markets. Creation of emotional attachment is an effective branding strategies used by many companies. Samsung is one among such companies. Globally, Samsung is a trusted brand and many people, especially the consumers in Asia, have some kind of emotional attachments to it. For example, many of Samsung smartphone users are eagerly waiting for the arrival of new smartphones from Samsung all the time. They know very well that the ability of Samsung in incorporating new features to its new products is outstanding. The recently introduced Galaxy S6 edge is an example of Samsung abilities to make use of cutting edge technologies such as curved display (Samsung, 2015). All new products from Samsung offer some kind of surprise elements for the consumers. As a result of that, the emotional attachment towards Samsung brand among the consumers is growing. In order to create emotional attachment, Samsung makes use of different

What cultural challenges do multinational corporations face with Essay - 2

What cultural challenges do multinational corporations face with people management in some overseas locations Critically discuss using illustrations to demonstrate your argument - Essay Example In particular, the paper will focus on the human resource challenges, challenges as a result of the new environment, organisational culture and cultural ways of conducting business among others. Different countries present different conditions that favour business to thrive. For instance, some prepare policies that act as a guide for companies willing to enter the country and conduct business (Hofstede, 2001). A cultural business analysis dictates that differences in cultures have a huge impact on the success of a foreign company. The culture of a country influences how the people perceive foreign business. In particular, the cultural aspects of the business environment to the business create awareness about the ways to deal with intercultural communication in business relation (Hofstede, 2001). It is always the case that many countries require that their local nationals are given a quota of certain positions by corporations establishing in their territories. Kogut and Singh (1998) argued that in many instances, the management professionals have challenges in getting the people with the required expertise following inadequate training or lack of advanced degrees. While education is held in high regard across different nations, there is some stereotype type that getting an education from certain areas is more superior to others. As a consequent, finding employees at home who are qualified or even ready to fill high profile positions in a context outside of their home country may prove quite an overwhelming task (Lewis, 2011). It is also the case that some employees have preferences to serving some areas of the world compared to others based on cultural differences (Lakomski, 2001). This presents challenges for the human resources of the large multinationals in trying to hire its workforce in their overseas offices. Retaining and engaging workers in foreign locations

Cottage and Small Scale Industries Analysis

Cottage and Small Scale Industries Analysis PESTLE ANALYSIS OF COTTAGE AND SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES PREFACE AS MBA Degree requires equal attention practical as well as theoretical aspect of the business, various problems are to be dealt with in these courses, that is why research programs are there to give deep as well as through knowledge of the subjects. I have attempted to live up these requisites while preparing this term paper. It is part of professional courses. With the help of term paper we can able to understand the deep knowledge about the specific topic assign to us. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY * To know what is PESTLE.  · PESTLE analysis of COTTAGE AND SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES.  · To find the problems faced by the Cottage and small scale industries and give suggestion . PESTLE analysis INTRODUCTION PESTLE analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental analysis and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. Some analysts added Legal and rearranged the mnemonic to SLEPT; inserting Environmental factors expanded it to PESTEL or PESTLE, which is popular in the UK. The model has recently been further extended to STEEPLE and STEEPLED, adding education and demographic factors. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research, and gives an overview of the different macroenvironmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The growing importance of environmental or ecological factors in the first decade of the 21st century have given rise to green business and encouraged widespread use of an updated version of the PEST framework. STEER analysis systematically considers Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors. * Political factors, are how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labour law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided (merit goods) and those that the government does not want to be provided (demerit goods or merit bads). Furthermore, governments have great influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation. * Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy * Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, an ageing population may imply a smaller and less-willing workforce (thus increasing the cost of labor). Furthermore, companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers). * Technological factors include ecological and environmental aspects, such as RD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. * Environmental factors include weather, climate, and climate change, which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance.Furthermore, growing awareness to climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offerit is both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. * Legal factors include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. COTTAGE AND SMALL INDUSTRIES Introduction Small-scale and cottage industries play a very vital role in the countrys economy despite the phenomenal growth in the large-scale sector. In fact, the small-scale sector is playing a vital role in the growth of national economies the world over and is considered to be the engine of growth in most countries. The small-scale industries are labour intensive and provide employment to nearly 1.86 crores persons in the country. The emphasis on Village and Small-Scale Industries (SSIs) has always been an integral part of the Indian Industrial strategy, more so after the Second Five Year Plan. It was envisaged that Village and Small-Scale Industries would play an important role as producer of consumer goods and absorber of surplus labour thereby addressing to the problems of poverty and unemployment. Other advantages of small industries are that they ensure a more equitable distribution of national income, enhance balanced regional industrial development, act as a nursery for entrepreneurship and facilitate mobilization of local resources and skills which might otherwise remain unutilized. Consequently, the Government of India had been encouraging and supporting the promotion of Small-Scale Industries through deliberate policies such as: 1) Protection from large-scale industries, 2) Capital subsidies, 3) Differential tax treatment, 4) Reservation etc. The Government continues to provide protection to the small scale sector, inter-alia, through the policy of reserving items for exclusive manufacture in the small-scale sector. Industrial undertakings other than the small-scale industrial undertakings engaged in the manufacture of items reserved for exclusive manufacture in the small-scale sector are required to obtain an industrial licence and undertake an export obligation of 50 per cent of the annual production. However, the condition of licensing is not applicable to such industrial undertakings operating under 100 per cent Export Oriented Undertakings Scheme, the Export Processing Zone and the Special Economic Zone Schemes. The reservation policy was introduced in 1967 an attempt to protect SMEs from competition from corporations and 44 goods were specified to be exclusively manufactured by SMEs (Large Corporations were allowed to enter this sector on condition that 50% of their produce would be exported). As a result, SMEs dominated readymade garments, leather goods, autocomponents, electrical appliances and the hand tool industries. Over the years, the number of items reserved for SMEs increased and it stood at over 800 in 1989. However, the Abid Hussain Committee set up by the Government of India which submitted its report in January 1997 observed that the reservation policy was inconsistent with the current trade reforms which allow free import of a large majority of the goods and most of the remaining can be imported under the special Import Licence. The number of reserved items has, therefore, been coming down. Industrial undertakings with investment in plant and machinery up to Re. 1 crore qualify for the status as small-scale or ancillary industrial undertaking with effect from 24 December 1999. The investment limit for tiny units is Rs. 25 lakh. The Small-Scale Industry sector has emerged as a dynamic and vibrant sector of the Indian economy in recent years, displaying phenomenal growth in the field of production, employment and dispersed development in general and exports in particular. There are nearly 34 lakhs Small-Scale Industries in the county accounting for about 40% of the gross value of output in the manufacturing sector and about 34% of the total exports of the country. It provides employment to nearly 186 lakhs persons, which is second only to agriculture. The Small-Scale sector contributes amply to other socio-economic aspects such as reduction in income inequalities, product diversification, dispersed development of small industries and linkage with other sectors of the economy. Position as in 2007-2008 No. of small scale industries units Rs.66.70 lakhs Production at current prices Rs.9,45,496 crores Employment 386 lakh persons Exports Rs.89,978 crores POLITICAL ANALYSIS- Eleventh Plan Programmes During the year 2008-09, a number of new schemes were or are to be taken up for implementation.  · New Anna Marumalarchi Thittam under 15 Points Programme of Chief Minister to promote Agro-Based /Food Processing Industries with investment of one crore and above in each of 385 blocks of the State with special package incentives and Escort Support, to generate employment and to uplift rural economy.  · On-line Registration and issue of Provisional SSI Registration Certificate to new Entrepreneurs through the approved Browsing Centres at District and Taluk Headquarters was inaugurated by the Chief Minister on 12.9.2002. On-line filing for Permanent SSI Registration Certificate is also proposed to be introduced. The furnishing of data by SSI units through online will also be introduced.  · Public Private Partnership Concept for maintenance and infrastructure in the Estate, Business Development/ Documentation / Advisory Services / Consultancy Services/ Marketing Assistance, Common Facility Centres and Product Display Business Development Centres, Human Resource Development for development of SSI sector. Under this scheme, a part of Capital Cost shall be borne by the Association / State and Central Government and the Balance Capital Cost shall be obtained as loan from financial institutions  · Cluster Development Scheme with 75% of the cost of the Project as Grant will be provided by Government of India towards creation of infrastructure facilities/ services for development of Industrial Clusters.  · Formation of Export Guidance Cell under the chairmanship of the District Collector in the District Industries Centres to provide information on export activities, potential and procedural matters for export and to initiate measures for development of export in the State. On Going Schemes Centrally Sponsored Schemes 1)Setting up of Nucleus Cells A new Scheme of Collection of monthly production details from the selected sample Small Scale Industrial Units was introduced for the purpose of computing Index of Industrial production so as to assess the growth of this Sector. This has assumed national importance because of the present economic scenario. The DC (SSI) has provided Computer Hardware and Software to the 11 selected District Industries Centres and to the district offices for transferring the IIP to the Directorate of National Informatics Centre, and DC (SSI), New Delhi. A sum of Rs. 4.25 crores has been proposed for eleventh Plan for this scheme towards staff costs which will be fully met by Government of India. 2. Prime Ministers Rozgar Yojana Scheme (PMRY) PMRY.scheme for providing Self-Employment to Educated Unemployed Youth was announced by the Prime Minister of India on 15th August 1993 to provide Self-employment opportunities to one million educated unemployed youth in the country. This Scheme benefits persons who are educated unemployed youth in the age group of 18 to 35 years and having passed VIII standard with family income not exceeding Rs. 40,000/- (per annum). The age limit has been relaxed upto 45 Years in respect of SC/STs, Ex-Serviceman, physically handicapped and women from 1.4.99 onwards. Preference is being given to those who have received training in any trade in Government approved/ recognised Institutions (I.T.I. etc) for a period of at least 6 months. The Scheme envisages 22.5% reservation for SC/ST candidates and 27% for other backward classes. An outlay of Rs. 8.50 crores is proposed for implementation of the Scheme during Tenth Plan. The entire amount will be borne by Government of India. Centrally Shared Schemes Market Development Assistance States Share for sale of coir by Indl . Co-operative Socities Under this scheme, all the Coir products are eligible for assistance throughout the year. A sum of Rs. 2.25 crores has been provided for eleventh plan period towards the States share for this scheme. Entrepreneur Development Institute (E.D.I.) It is proposed to establish an E.D.I. with model of E.D.I. Ahmedabad. This is meant to meet the entrepreneurial needs of the Southern Region in future. During eleventh Plan a sum of Rs. 4.50 crores has been provided for this scheme towards States share. State Schemes 1.Industrial Estates-Maintenance (Maintenance of Additional sheds in TACEL at Vridhachalam.) TACEL Industrial Estate, Vridhachalam comprises of total area of 42.80 acres and at present there are 64 Units on rental basis. For maintenance of the sheds in the Industrial Estate during the eleventh Plan period a sum of Rs. 50 lakh will be provided. 2. Technical Information Sections in Industrial Estates The Technical Information Sections are functioning at Guindy, Ambattur, Madurai, Pettai, Katpadi, Trichy, Coimbatore and Salem to disseminate information to the industrialists and prospective entrepreneurs. The Sections have libraries containing technical books on Science, Technology, Management, Industrial Information Digests and Journals, Project profiles on SSI and details of ISI specifications for various products. The Technical Information Section, Guindy has a well-furnished auditorium with a video scope system. For the eleventh Plan period Rs. 80 lakhs is provided for maintenance of Technical Information Sections. 3. State Industries Centres EDP Training, Women Entrepreneur Development Programme, Construction of DIC building, maintenance, contribution to specific fund (TTM) etc. It is proposed to train 1,25,000 women entrepreneurs within a period of five years from 2007-08 to 2011-12 at the rate of 25,000 women per year. . An amount of Rs. 9.97 crores is provided. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS In 1947 after gaining independence, India initiated a path of industrialization to achieve economic prosperity. India focused on developing the manufacturing base. Much of the countries development was done through the five year plans. Industries like iron and steel, oil refineries, cement and fertilizer were brought under the gamut of public sector enterprises. The decision makers then encouraged the development of small scale industries. They perceived that Indian small scale industries would play a vital role in the economic progress of the country and had immense potential for employment generation. Developing small scale sector would also result in decentralized industrial expansion, better distribution of wealth and to encourage investment and entrepreunial talent. The government has initiated several policies for the growth and development of small scale industries. They included reservation of certain items to be manufactured only by the small scale sector. Other measures include credit marketing, technology, and entrepreneurship development, fiscal, financial and infrastructural support. In 1999, the government established the Ministry of Small Scale Industries and Agro and Rural industries to make policy decisions for the development and well being. Initially the small scale sector was characterized as traditional labor intensive units with outdated machineries and inefficient production techniques. But in the recent past the condition of the small scale units has improved. Today they have installed modern machines, applied better management techniques and are much more productive. SSI-Location Small Scale Industries are located throughout the country, though predominantly in the rural areas. The small scale industries in the rural areas are skill based, wherein the skill for manufacturing is passed on from one generation to another. Some of the goods manufactured in these units are textile handicrafts, woodcarving, stone carving, metal ware etc. Small scale industrial factories are also present in urban areas and usually they account for the maximum volume of production for that particular good in the country. For e.g. Ludhiana in the state of Punjab is the main center in the country for producing woolen hosiery, sewing machine parts, bicycles and its parts, similarly Tiruppur in Tamil Nadu accounts for small scale firms. Post Liberalization Post liberalization economic conditions has created immense growth prospect for the small scale industries. The government has also supported the small scale industries by the way of implementing policies like investment ceiling for the SSI sector and priority lending. The formation of WTO in 1995 resulted in a major challenge to the well being of the SSI. The protection given to the SSI in the form of reservation and quantitative restrictions has been withdrawn. More than 160 items reserved under the SSI category have been de reserved. It has been found that if the SSI upgrades the technology, adopt better management practices, reengineer the factories to improve productivity and provide qualitative product, they would be competitive in the post WTO scenario. The advancement in computer and telecommunication technology, increase in e commerce, opening up of markets due to WTO, mergers and acquisitions, improved infrastructure and outsourcing noncore area of business have all contrib uted to the growth of SSI. SOCIAL ANALYSIS The small scale sector has played a very important role in the socio-economic development of the country during the past 50years. It has significantly contributed to the overall growth in terms of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment generation and exports. The performance of the small scale sector, therefore, has a direct impact on the growth of the overall economy. The performance of the small scale sector in terms of parameters like number of units (both registered and unregistered), production, employment and exports is given in Table 7.15. According to projections made by the Ministry of Small Scale Industries during 2007-08, the SSI sector recorded growth in production of 8.09 per cent over the previous year. The small scale industries sector has recorded higher growth rate than the industrial sector as a whole (6.9 per cent during 2007-08). It contributed about 40 per cent towards the industrial production as a whole and 35 per cent of direct exports from the country.The Government has been taking various measures from time to time in order to enhance the productivity, efficiency and competitiveness of the SSI sector. In pursuance of the comprehensive policy package announced last year, the major developments that have taken place in the SSI sector during 2007-08. Sickness in the SSI Sector As on March 31, 2008, there were 5,49,630 sick SSI units which had obtained loans from banks. An amount of Rs. 6,506 crore of bank credit was blocked in these units. Of these only 23,076 units were considered potentially viable by the banks with outstanding credit of Rs. 399 crore. Further, banks had identified 4,25,488 units with outstanding bank credit amounting to Rs. 5,943 crore as unviable. Rehabilitation of sick units is a costly proposition as it involves rescheduling of past overdues with concessions on interest amount due, additional credit for modernisation and technology upgradation and provision for fresh working capital. Presently, the State Level Inter- Institutional Committee (SLIIC) of banks and financial institutions is the only forum looking into rehabilitation of potentially viable sick SSI units. However, in the absence of statutory backing, SLIICs has no power to enforce its decisions. To tackle the problem of rehabilitation of potentially viable sick SSI units, the RBI constituted a working group on November 25, 2008 under the chairmanship of Shri S.S. Kohli, the chairman of Indian Banks Association, to look into the issue. The Working Group submitted its report in May, 2008. All the major recommendations of the working group have been accepted by the RBI, including a change in the definition of Sick SSI units, norms for deciding on the viability of sick units, etc. The revised definition would enable banks to take action at an early stage for revival of the units.Based on the accepted recommendations of the Working Group, the RBI has drawn up the revised guidelines for Rehabilitation of Sick SSI units, which have been circulated on January 16, 2008 to all the Banks for implementation. TABLE 7.15 Overall performance of Small Scale Industry Year No. of units Production Employment Exports (in million) (at current (at constant (at current prices) prices) prices) (1993-94) (Rs.crore) (Rs.crore) (in millions) (US $ in Billions) 2001-02 2.94 4,62,641 3,57,749 16.72 11.96 (5.0) (12.3) (8.4) (4.5) (8.1) 2003-04 3.08 5,20,650 3,85,296 17.16 11.64 (4.8) (12.5) (7.7) (2.6) (-2.7) 2005-06 6.21 5,72,887 4,16,736 17.85 17.51 (4.2) (10.0) (8.2) (4.0) (7.5) 2007-08(E ) 9.37 7,45,496 6,50,450 26.56 24.13 (6.0) (17.7) (15.1) (8.0) (9.0) Notes : s in the brackets give percentage growth over previous year. E :Estimates BOX 7.6 Developments that have taken place during the year 2007-08 for the SSI Sector 1.The investment limit for units in hosiery and hand tool sub sectors was enhanced from Rs. 5 crore to Rs.10 crore 2. The corpus fund set up under the Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme has been raised to Rs. 200 crore from Rs. 525 crore. 3. Credit Guarantee cover against an aggregate credit of Rs. 52.88 crore was provided. 4. 14 items were dereserved on June 29, 2008 related to leather goods, shoes and toys. 5. A new scheme named Market Development Assistance Scheme was launched exclusively for the SSI sector. 6. Under the Cluster Development Programme, 4 UNIDO assisted projects have been commissioned during the year. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS With a view to meeting the infrastructure needs of the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the state, the government plans to set up exclusive industrial parks for these units in different states. The proposed industrial parks will come up in major industrial hubs in the state and will have all basic infrastructure facilities like water supply, power, waste management, testing laboratories and other civic amenities. The locations identified for establishment of these industrial parks include NOIDA in U.P,MOHALI in Punjab,SIDCUL in Uttarakhand, Kalinga Nagar, Barbil, Jharsuguda, Sambalpur, Dhenkanal, Angul, Paradeep, Rourkela, Bragarh, Balasore, Dhamra, Gopalpur, Chhatrapur, Raygada, Kalahandi and Choudwar etc. The government also intends to set up industrial parks closer to the special economic zones (SEZs). The state-owned Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (Idco) has been entrusted with the promotion of the industrial parks, sources said. It will put in place the required infrastructure for the MSMEs and will also upgrade and maintain the infrastructure facilities in the existing industrial estates and growth centres in association with the user industries. It may be noted that the new MSME Development Policy adopted by the state government emphasizes infrastructure development to meet the needs of the MSMEs. Besides, it says that 20 per cent of the area in the industrial parks, industrial estates, industrial corridors and land banks will be reserved for MSME units. The services of the large units are mostly outsourced, which provides ample scope for the growth of the micro and small units. With the mother industry around, the external infrastructure will be automatically developed, and the proposed industrial parks being equipped with all the basic infrastructure facilities, the MSMEs can readily move in and set up their units. To facilitate the setting up of downstream and ancillary industries in the state, 10 per cent of the total land requirement of the large and mega units, subject to a ceiling of 200 acres, is proposed to be earmarked for such industries. Besides, sector-specific ancillary and downstream industrial parks are proposed to be set up by Idco, preferably in association with the mother plants. CONCLUSION: The Cottage and small scale industries constitute a timeless part of the rich cultural Heritage of India. The element of art and craft present in these industries makes it a potential sector for the upper segments of market domestic as well as global. However, the sector is beset with manifold problems such as obsolete technologies, unorganized production system, low productivity, inadequate working capital, conventional product range, weak marketing link, overall stagnation of production and sales and, above all, competition from power loom and mill sector. As a result of effective Government intervention through financial assistance and implementation of various developmental and welfare schemes, the cottage and small scale sector, to some extent, has been able to tide over these disadvantages. Thus, cottage sector forms a precious part of the generational legacy and exemplifies the richness and diversity of our country and the artistry of the weavers. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. texmin.nic.in/annualrep/ar02_c05. 2. apparel.indiamart.com/industry/handlooms/ 3. www.hepcindia.com 4. texmin.nic.in/tex_07.htm 5. www.ieport.com/epc.htm 6. www.indiatogether.org/2006/feb/eco-handloom.htm

Hydropower as an Alternative Energy Source Essay -- Water Power Energy

Hydropower as an Alternative Energy Source Water provides a very valuable resource. We use dams built to run water through turbines and produce electricity. There are many advantages and disadvantages to hydropower, though there are more advantages. It is reasonable inexpensive to maintain, and is a clean source. There are issues with dams blocking fish swimming in the river, but there are ways to help them. Hydropower is well balanced between the electricity needs and the needs of the environment. Hydropower makes up 90 percent of the United States’ energy from a renewable source. It is the nation’s largest renewable resource. People have built dams since ancient times to control the water. Waterwheels have been used for centuries to help people with their everyday needs, and now they can be used to produce electricity. Many large dams worldwide have turbines (modern day waterwheels), which produce large amounts of energy. These dams account for 40 percent of all energy produced by hydropower (Nersesian, 290). When a dam is built a reservoir collects behind it, which also collects rainwater. The reservoir allows us to control the amount of water that flows through the dam and lets us still have a steady flow of water, even during years with less rainfall. The dam itself has spillways to control the amount of water leaving the dam. One major problem with dams is the affect they have on migrating fish traveling up and down the rivers. Many dams have special fish ladders to allow the fish to pass through (Today, 2001). Of course the biggest advantage of hydropower is that it is renewable. Also it is clean, meaning it does not throw a lot of chemicals into the air and it does not produce any waste. Hydropower can also be produc... ...earch.atomz.com). At the moment only 3 percent of the nation’s 80,000 dams are producing hydropower (Today, 2001). If we could install more turbines into dams then we could rely more on hydropower then other more damaging resources. Over all water has the potential to become a crucial source of power. References Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydropower. (2005). Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/hydro_ad.html A Short Course in Hydro Sciences. (2004). Retrieved July 29, 2007, from http://www.british-hydro.org/infopage.asp?infoid=184 Hydropower Today. (2001). Retrieved July 30, 2007, from http://www.hydrofoundation.org/hydropower/index.html Nersesian, R. L. (2007). Biomass. In Energy for the 21st Century: A Comprehensive guide to conventional and alternative sources (pp. 290-297). United States of America: M.E. Sharpe.

DH Lawrence’s The Rocking Horse Winner Essay

Tormented family relationships stem from a number of occurrences. Jealousy, death, abuse, and many other factors can stress relationships to the point of demise. They can often originate from an individual’s character and personality, or further affect it. Much of Lawrence’s writing contains the common theme of tormented family relationships. This theme can be seen in the short story The Rocking-Horse Winner through: â€Å"the terrible mother† Hester, â€Å"the anti-wise man† Oscar Cresswell, and â€Å"the sacrificial scapegoat† Paul. Hester is portrayed as cold and shallow, accurately demonstrating the terrible mother archetype. Thus, she is a perfect example of the theme of tormented family relationships, present in the short story The Rocking-Horse Winner. When the authour describes what, â€Å"Everyone else said of her: ‘She is such a good mother. She adores her children.’ Only she knew herself and her children themselves this was not so† (Lawrence 19). Hester’s character is simply more concerned with wealth and her social image than her own children. She is very corrupted by society, and what society thinks of her. As a result of this, she neglects her children, and pays little attention to their needs. Hester proves to fit the terrible mother archetype, and this shows the present theme of tormented family relationships. Also, Hester’s brother, Oscar Cresswell, advances the theme of tormented relationships by portraying the â€Å"anti-old man† archetype. It is evident that jealousy and family issues are present based on Oscar’s relationships with both his nephew Paul, and his sister Hester. The authour explains, â€Å"The Uncle was delighted to find that his small nephew was posted with all the racing news† (Lawrence 22). Oscar inherited the family fortune, as Hester was left with her husband to depend on. Oscar does make an effort to help Hester’s financial situation, although he is also very concerned with wealth and social status, neglecting to realize the near trouble Paul is faced with. Oscar uses his nephew, by exploiting Paul’s â€Å"gift† for his own personal wealth, while Hester is struggling to meet her own desires. Oscar is portrayed as the opposite of a saviour, and more as a selfish man. This character archetype further proves the theme of tormented family relationships in the story. As well, Paul, Hester’s son and Oscar’s nephew, is the young protagonist, who is searching for â€Å"luck†, but proves to be the â€Å"sacrificial scapegoat†, further proving the present theme. Neglected by his own mother, Paul is desperately trying to get her approval and her love. This is shown in the short story when Paul asks, â€Å"Do you think I’m lucky mother? I knew Malabar, didn’t I? Over eighty thousand pounds! I call that lucky, don’t you mother† (Lawrence 33)? Even on Paul’s deathbed, he is desperately scrambling to finally get his mother’s approval. His luck ran out, and his quest as a hero was not fulfilled. Paul simply wanted to be enough for his mother. To finally prove himself, and win her love. His character can be classified as the â€Å"sacrificial scapegoat† archetype. Paul’s desperate attempt for his mother’s love proves the theme of tormented family relationships present in this story. Through the character archetypes of Hester, Paul, and Oscar Cresswell, the theme of tormented family relationships is proved to be shown in many aspects of the short story The Rocking-Horse Winner. Hester’s lack of care and compassion towards her children, Oscar’s greed, and Paul’s desperate attempt to prove himself to his mother, are only a few examples of this clear theme. This theme is not only present in the story, but in the lives of many. These tormented family relationships are often looked over, rather than interpreted as a part of an individual’s personality.

Hawaiian weddings Essay

For many the nuclear family has always been viewed as the proper way to bring up children and to live life. However, the subject of families is much deeper than many think. But is the family beneficial to society? Different groups have different views on how beneficial the family is to society. Functionalists, who traditionally dominated the sociology of the family, feel that the family is necessary for the running and continuation of an integrated society. It is ssumed by functionalists that if there is the existence of a social institution, then it must have a purpose or a function. Functionalists therefore see the family as beneficial for society. beneficial for society. Families are crucially important to society without doubt. Most British people are born into families and then raised by a family. Most of these very same people grow up to form families of their own and take the responsibility of being a parent. Many people see the family as the normal way of life and watch television programs which revolve around family life. For many the nuclear family has always been viewed as the proper way to bring up children and to live life. However, the subject of families is much deeper than many think. But is the family beneficial to society? assumed by tunctionalists tn t it there is the existence ot a social institution, then it British people are born into tamilies and then raised by a tamily. Most ot these very

Human Suffering essays

Human Suffering essays Human suffering happens every day, everywhere, in many types and ways all around us. We do not always see it, but that does not mean it does not exist. When we do see it exist we commonly ask ourselves, "Does human suffering have meaning?" I can answer this question easily. Yes, it does have meaning. I can answer this because of the four readings we read. However, as I examine this question deeper I see that the four readings have different ideas on "meaning" or the reason for suffering. Looking at the definition of the verb (to) suffer, "feel or undergo pain; sustain damage or loss," we see that suffering is something that can happen because of more than one action. Each of the readings explained a different way of suffering. In their basics, some described mental suffering and others described physical suffering. But, more deeply than that each reading contains a certain kind of suffering. The Epic of Gilgamesh describes that suffering is caused by death. The Book of Job des! cribes how suffering is caused by sickness, loss of possessions, or loved ones. Buddhist explains suffering caused by our mental anguish. Night describes suffering caused by others. These readings give us meaning to suffering so that in the future we can avoid suffering, and if we can not avoid it we can at least explain it. The Epic of Gilgamesh tells us that suffering happens because of love. Gilgamesh suffered only because he loved Enkidu. After Enkidu was killed by the serpent Gilgamesh suffered tremendously. This was an example mental suffering. Gilgamesh did not bring on Enkidu's death. It was his desire for Enkidu to die. It just happened fighting the serpent. He deeply mourned his brother's death. This drove him to find that special root to make him immortal. Although this was just a story, in its day it was thought to be a book of teachings. Suffering was a direct result of death and love, but it was suffering that drove Gilgamesh ...

Ethic and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethic and Morality - Essay Example To fully define the anti-nature concept, Nietzsche makes it clear that when one denies his own passion, then he is denying the reality. To him, the greatest and best moralities are those, which accommodate nature while the weakest are those who deny it. Particular, the philosopher state that an individual should have a free will to choose what he or she wants and nothing should control or trigger him to do something. In his concept of morality as anti-nature, Nietzsche stated how the extensiveness of morality and religion alter the human nature. Even though many people believe that religion provides a sense of direction in life, the philosopher strongly disagreed. According to him, following a religion means ignoring the nature of humanity since an individual is forced to act in a certain way that pleases the Maker. I disagree with Nietzsche since his argument opposes the religion and thus, discourages most Christians from reading. This essay supports Irish Murdoch’s philosoph y since he captivates readers’ attention with her adequate knowledge in literature and philosophy. Although both Nietzsche and Murdoch deal with the concept of morality in a similar way, there are differences on how the two present their argument. Nietzsche based his argument on a naturalistic perspective of how religion contradicts how humanity is responsible for controlling their given passions and nature. However, Murdoch includes religion in the equation of morality. He based his argument on morality without and with God thus allowing readers to understand his point of views (Jacobus 55). Unlike Nietzsche, Murdoch engages other people’s philosophies in great depth and further incorporates them in her discussion. Nietzsche uses deists’ intellectuals and gives no or little credibility to their experiences and beliefs. While researchers, scholars, and deists can think about other philosophers’ argument on the subject while reading Murdoch argument, Murdo ch creates a platform where readers can decline or accept her argument at any point. Based on how Murdoch presents her arguments, readers can think that the author has not yet concluded her argument but given her readers a free will to choose what they believe. Nietzsche does not take a psychological path to examine the virtue of duty or responsibility (Friedrich 405). Although both Murdoch and Nietzsche derive their beliefs about morality from nature, Nietzsche quoted that â€Å"each individual has the duty to carry out his passions. Just as modern moral philosophers were rediscovering the virtues, social psychologists were uncovering evidence of the church being hostile to human nature † (Friedrich 404). The moralities of being weak in life are discussed in the religious cloak and in this case, Nietzsche believes that the church is hostile to human nature. From Nietzsche’s argument, one can derive the fact that the greatest moralities are those that embrace nature wh ile the weakest deny it. At this point, Nietzsche provides readers with a system that can benefit human beings in life especially on love and hostility. However, Murdoch takes a psychological path and examines the virtue of responsibility or duty. At this point, Murdoch believes that fulfilling one’s duty towards nations, institutions, and others is virtuous deed outside religion. Murdoch continues to argue that dutifulness is in our human nature. It is crucial

Aesthetics in Early Childhood Education Research Paper

Aesthetics in Early Childhood Education - Research Paper Example Undeniably, technology instruments have been located in children’s music teaching and learning, children’s visual aids, and children’s role-play and their contributions to learning experiences in early childhood education environments accordingly. In that case, children’s music teaching and learning, children’s visual aids, and children’s role-play are the three most important pre-school activities because they influence instructional outcomes in early childhood education directly. Proof of the combination of technology instruments in children’s music teaching and learning, children’s visual aids, and children’s role-play in the Early Childhood education contexts exists. A rigorous literature review of a substantial amount of varying sources explores the argument that technology instruments play a crucial role in children’s music teaching and learning, children’s visual aids, and children’s role-play. After carefully elaborating the relevant literature and argument, three major proposals emerge; the first one suggests that technology instruments in music teaching facilitate the quality and efficiency in the learning motivation of early childhood education children. ... ve and interesting visual aids that apply technological instruments are large motivation boosters to the early childhood education learning experiences. The third and final proposal is that technology instruments facilitate the levels of performance of children (this entails several aspects namely emotional expression, emotional regulation, emotional utilization, and interpersonal relationship) in Children’s role-play in the kindergartens. In this respect, the early childhood education children are highly involved in role-plays that apply technology instruments because they are able not only to express their emotions, but also to utilize these emotions and subsequent interpersonal relationships in learning. Overall, this paper arrives at three major conclusions in relation to the three proposals mentioned before; firstly, indeed technology instruments in music teaching facilitate the quality and efficiency in the learning motivation of early childhood education children. Secon dly, technology instruments in visual aids facilitate the quality and efficiency in the learning motivation of children, and finally, technology instruments facilitate Children's performance in children’s role-play, especially in terms of emotional expression, emotional regulation, emotional utilization, and interpersonal relationships. B. Introduction Normally, early childhood educators are constantly searching for the most effective learning experiences that can help to enhance the quality of education for young children (Lim, 2005), and aesthetic experiences in particular have proven quite successful especially in the teaching of arts and even across disciplines (Whitehead, 2004). Expert analyses have established that aesthetic experiences have the effect of expanding the learning

The failure of Ralph Lauren Rugby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The failure of Ralph Lauren Rugby - Essay Example Though Ralph Lauren is one of the most preferred luxury clothing brands, customer segmentation was completely different for its new arm. This had not only created confusion among customers, but also dissolved the overall brand identity of the Rugby brand. The objective of the current report is to analyze the failure of Ralph Lauren Rugby, an extended sports clothing line of the brand. On November 2012, the Rugby line of the brand had come to an end. Subsequently, website of the line was also closed down and the links were automatically directed to the parent site of Ralph Lauren. Known for high-end, bold and sassy styles, Ralph Lauren Corporation is one of the finest clothing retail organizations. The luxury retail chain was started in the year 1967 by Ralph Lauren, when he was funded by a manufacturer of clothing lines. He was asked to launch a line for men’s ties with the brand name, Polo. While studying in high school, Ralph had already started selling ties. Following that, he was approached by Norman Hilton and in the year 1969, he opened his first boutique in Manhattan (Ralph Lauren, 2014). The business was further expanded by selling tailor made women suits. The first solo shop was opened in the year 1971 in Beverly Hills. Ralph Lauren gained global recognition in a very short time period and by 1981, he was able to open his maiden international shop in London (Ralph Lauren, 2014). The brand has now expanded in various apparel and accessories sections, such as, semi-formal and formal clothing, luxury wear, fragrances, accessories and furniture. The brand has also ventured into restaurant business by opening a high-end restaurant in Chicago. The purpose of this report is to analyse various situations under which the sports arm of Ralph Lauren was pulled out from the market. Launched in the year 2004, Rugby Ralph Lauren was a famous clothing brand of America. The brand focused on preppy or rugby inspired apparels for women and

Three Kings Comparison Essay Example for Free

Three Kings Comparison Essay Art in the ancient times was very important in history and that it was also used to signify some important occasions like during offerings, for example in the Chinese traditions; it was also used for decoration and making of monument for remembrance especially in the roman empire and Egypt. Making of portraits of political and religious leaders became very popular in Roman Empire, the empires that occupied the gulf region and Egypt. The making of portrait sculptures has undergone a notable change and still today the making of sculpture portraits of political leaders is still evident. Creativity and other aspects of art and craft work has been very dynamic since the primitive and ancient civilization period to the modern day and also varying from down-to-earth and sacred to modernist abstract. The history of sculpturing activities date back to about 4000 years ago and it appears to have begun in the are around the gulf valley between river Tigris and Euphrates where strong empires were first established including Persian, Chaldean, Assyrian, Sumerian and Babylon empires. Portrait Sculptures There are many portraits that were excavated in the ancient times and some of the examples include artistic work diorite on marble, hammered gold, diorite and lapis lazuli. The artistic works from the Sumerian art are much idealized in terms of the external features and they date back to 2400 BC. The works of art carried out in the Sumerian era appear to have taken in a lot of creativity and a definite form of architecture and was quite elaborate and also complicated (Bailey 2005 Evans 2007)). Clay was the most readily available material and due to this, it was commonly used for sculpturing since other materials like wood, metals and carving stones had to b e imported from abroad. Other forms of art included drawings and paintings. The subjects of the sculpturing were mainly patricians and particularly the political rulers (emperors). The copies of the sculptures were distributed all over the empire for instance in the Roman Empire, the portrait sculpture entrenched the roman civic intrinsic worth and set the standard for the other nations public portrait sculpture since then (Bailey 2005). The most notable is the portrait of Emperor Constantine. Most of the art work that was obtained during the destruction of the empires in the barbarian invasion and Christian transformation; the materials used to make the sculptures were lime and bronze, the marble was burnt to lime while bronze was melted for other uses. Other important portraits were discovered in the countries that are found in the gulf region and these forms of art were basically Sumerian type and Akkadian types and dated back to 24,000 to 22,000 BC when the Babylon kingdoms flourished in the Middle East (Evans 2007). Tell Asmar Portraits The sculptures described as tell Asmar portraits were discovered in the gulf region that is between river Tigris and river Euphrates (Mesopotamia) at a site known Tell Asmar. The statues were the most realistic of the ancient sculptures and they measured about 42 centimeters average height. The eyes were clearly engraved and appeared to be protruding with clutched hands (Bailey 2005). Initially, most of the portrait sculptures were made using material like soft stone, ivory and even clay. As the Sumerian and Akkadian art developed during the early age civilization, ballast, sandstone, diorites and alabaster became popular materials for use in sculpture making. However some sculptures were identified as being high quality and for these reason the material used were expensive and long lasting; the material for such high quality portraits included gold, silver, copper and several precious stones (Evans 2007). Clay was a material that was used to make pots and terra cotta sculptures while stone was not commonly used since it was scarce and had to be imported from other empires. The portraits discovered at Tell Asmar as mentioned had staring eyes and the men’s statues had a distinct beard. The recent statues than were found in 2700 BC revealed that the materials used were votive stones and were excavated in royal cemetery at Ur. Other sculptures were made from gypsum (calcium sulphate), in the ancient times, gypsum was heated to about 300 degrees Fahrenheit and turned to white powder commonly referred to as plaster of Paris, the powder is mixed with water to make a semi solid substance that can be modeled into a sculpture(Bailey 2005). Some of the statues are preserved in museums. King Tutankhamun Portrait The portrait of king Tutankhamun is widely appreciated form of art that was used for religious purpose during the mummification of the Pharaoh. Tutankhamun was a powerful pharaoh in Egypt in the 18th dynasty which lasted between 1333 BC and 1324 BC. He is identified as the eighteenth dynasty king in the history of Egypt. The discovery of the king’s tomb in 1922 by Howard carter brought about increased interest in the history of Egypt and the works of art. After the death of Egyptian pharaohs, they were preserved by the process of mummification so as to prevent decay (Cox 2004). The making of portrait in Egypt was unique especially the pharaoh mummies. The making of a mummy was a king of magical procedure that lead to instantaneous mummification and loss of life force from the king’s body. Other objects in the tomb of the pharaoh included baskets of doum fruit (it’s a product of palm tree) customarily offered during funerals (Cox 2004). The king’s official seal was made of clay which is assumed to have contained treasures that the pharaoh had to travel with to the heavens in his eternal being. King Tutankhamun commonly referred to as King Tut was very young at the time of his death. This is evidenced by the mammy that was unearthed covered in linen and preserved by mummification. The body was kept in a sarcophagus (a stone box in which a coffin can be kept). King Tut’s sarcophagus was made using yellow quartzite and was made of three coffins made of pure gold. The king’s face was reconstructed from the mummy and the body still lies in the valley of kings where his tomb is and the temperature is regulated to prevent further decay (Bailey 2005). The statues from Sumerian art in Tell Asmar appeared to be realistic, the pharaoh’s mummy is stylish and ideal as it did not make use of other material rather the real body preservation. In the year 2005, a team of scientists developed the facial likeness of the king using computer tonography scan of the Pharaohs skull. King Sargon Most of the early works of art were originally discovered during the early civilization as the works of art are related to the evolution of writing and other historical occurrences like the agrarian revolution. Sargon King ruled Akkadian dynasty in the region famously known as Mesopotamia during the period between 2340 and 2305 BC. This dynasty is believed to have been established by Sargon and it existed for about 160 years following its foundation. Sargon was one of the powerful leaders during his reign and he established a strong Semitic dynasty in the gulf region (Bailey 2005). His portrait was made as a monument to remember him throughout the empire. His rule faced a lot of rebellion and at his death; many believed that it was a punitive measure from the gods. The portrait was made to sit on a hard slab and the hand were clasped in the position of making a prayer and was naked above the waist with a skirt inquisitively made to appear as overlapping to indicate thick coat. This is because the men generally wore skirts weaved from wool and those of higher ranks had a toga like piece of clothe that was used to cover the shoulders (Evans 2007). As expected, the portrait had a long and heavy beard and long hair and these were basically painted black. The eyes were curved out clearly and that they eyebrows could be seen distinctively as emphasized with inlay that was colored. The carvings in the near east and middle east were very attractive and are considered to be very stylish as the features are very distinct and clearly engraved compared to the Egyptian sculptures which were basically slabs. The stylish carving in the Akkadian empire has been attributed to the fact that stones for sculpturing were very rare and therefore the few that could be obtained had to be given maximum attention and highest standard of creativity (Bailey 2005). It is clear that those portraits from Sumerian and Akkadian empire are very stylistic in design and the distinction can be drawn from the Egyptian types which are mostly blocks standing freely and mostly having basic geometric shapes. There being deficiency in stones, the sculptors in Sumerian dynasty and Akkadian empires relied on other alternative material like metals, wax copper and gypsum. These materials required a lot of attention and as such the stimulated sense of creativity idealism and style. Having to model clay, cast metals and heat gypsum to melt them in order to make the sculptures enabled the Tell Asmar people and those from other parts of Mesopotamia learnt to conserved the material hence making to make very good sculptures that utilized the little material that could be obtained(Bailey 2005). Conclusion The creation of sculptures developed different styles of making sculptures during the ancient times and the development of the dynasties in the near and middle east. The significant examples include the Tall Al asmar sculptures which are simply primitive forms of geometry. The progress of this lead to smoothening of curves and indicating naturalism and finally the dynasty showed attempts of portraiture References Bailey D. (2005). Prehistoric Figurines. Representation and Corporeality in the Neolithic. Routledge Publishers. Cox B. (2004). Constructing Kingship in Ancient Near Eastern Visual Culture. Art History. Dartmouth College. Evans J. M. (2007). The Square Temple at Tell Asmar and the Construction of Early Dynastic Mesopotamia. Ca 29000 to 2350 American Journal of Archeology.

Airline Industry SWOT Analysis

Airline Industry SWOT Analysis Conducting a SWOT analysis, that is, reviewing the strengths of an organization, its weaknesses, opportunities it can capitalize on for maximum profits, and the threats to achieving its full potential provides very invaluable information to the organization about the market and understanding the industry, as well. The aviation industry is not an exception, it too has its own share of strengths and opportunities which once utilized by an organization can help it grow substantially and weaknesses and threats which the organization must strive to minimize to the lowest possible levels. Strengths One of the strengths of an organization in the aviation industry is the growing income levels. The growth in individual incomes increases the amount of disposable income and hence many people are able to utilize the carriers to fly to their destinations Growth in tourism is also a major strength as it has led to a significant increase in the number of domestic and international passengers with statistics indicating a 50% growth in the number of domestic flyers and a 25% increase in the number of international flyers. Despite the downturns, air travel has continued to grow over time and is one of those industries that are far away from reaching their peak. This can be partly attributed to the ever growing population and the increase in the propensity of people to fly. With efficient management, an organization in the aviation industry is guaranteed to grow into a big and profitable enterprise. Air travel has a marked safety record and has been generally accepted as a safe and fast way to travel. Even the low cost growing airlines have safety and speed attributed to them and therefore, a small growing airline shares this strength with big and recognized brand names in the industry which is quite an advantage. Airline staff consists of highly trained personnel, which is a major strength, to any organization in the industry. Weaknesses One of the major weaknesses in the aviation industry is infrastructural development. The development of infrastructure has been very slow thus unable to keep up the pace of growth of the aviation sector. It is therefore, a major bottleneck in the industry. A growing airline should therefore, give priority to investing in infrastructure by constructing state of the art airports with adequate runways and ample parking lots for passengers. It should also invest on routes leading to the airports to help reduce passenger delays due to traffic. Airlines have been known to have a very high spoilage rate in comparison with other industries. Once a passenger misses his/her flight, the income/revenue from that seat is lost. In order to avoid or minimize this occurrence, the airline should establish a method of contacting all the passengers prior to departure to remind them of their flight. There should also be a larger time window between the boarding time and the departure of the airbus to cater for those passengers who arrive late for their flights. Aircrafts are very expensive and running an airline requires a very huge capital outlay. For this to work to the advantage of the airline, proper marketing strategies are required, and careful planning to ensure that returns on investment are greater than the initial investment. An airline may find it very difficult to compete with other carriers due to their low fares. To survive this, the organization can lower its fares but ensure that they are in balance with the returns to avoid losses. Extensive advertising campaigns on quality can also give it an edge over the low cost carriers. Airlines have to maintain a huge work force which is spread over an outsized ecological area and which requires constant communication and monitoring. For this to work to its advantage, extensive evaluation of the personnel is required to ensure competence and also the ability of the workers to work under minimum supervision. Opportunities There are many opportunities that an airline can capitalize on to reap maximum profits. Expected investment is one of the opportunities that can benefit an airline. The aviation sector is ever growing, and there is an increasing number of stakeholders in the industry willing to invest in air travel. An airline can take this opportunity to increase its capital base so as to be able to enjoy large economies of scale. Development of new products and services can have a substantial blow on the profits of an organization. In aviation, an airline can introduce mailing services for delivery of mails and parcels across the globe. It can also introduce special fare packages for those travelling to certain destinations for pleasure or business. Technological advancement and investment in information technology is an opportunity that can greatly help an organization to minimize its operation cost. An airline can rely on information technology to offer more customers friendly services and also provide customers with other services like internet while travelling which would make them pay more for the services hence increasing the profit margins of the organization. The organization should evaluate end user response to its services to gain information on what areas of its services to improve. This would go a long way in helping the organization acquire new customers as well as retain its old ones who are satisfied with the services being offered. The organization should also take the opportunity to expand and cover a larger geographical area. It should grow into the untapped markets and offer its products and services in these regions. Having a large customer base would increase its profits. Acquiring better supply deals, for example, a less expensive fuel supplier would greatly minimize the operation cost of an organization in the aviation industry. The airline can also retain its suppliers but negotiate for better deals with the aim of increasing its profit margin. Cutting down on delays is very important in the aviation industry. Minimized delays would mean less refunds and minimal compensation due to inconveniences made. It would also help the organization to gain the customers trust thus establishing itself as a carrier of choice for many travelers. Linking up with other carriers in the industry is an opportunity that should not be ruled out. Linking up with another carrier would increase the passenger volume greatly. This can be done through ensuring a coordinated schedule where the airlines offer their services to various destinations through a sharing agreement. Only one carrier flying to a given destination from a particular location would enable the partnering carriers to avoid the long time taken before an aircraft is filled. Threats There are many threats facing organizations in the aviation industry. Travelling for leisure and business is greatly impacted by the global economy. A downturn in the global economy means that less people are likely to travel for pleasure and to do business. This leads to low income to the airline during this period. To minimize the effect of this, the organization should devise a mechanism of lowering its operation cost to the minimum possible levels to avert possible losses due to its operating costs exceeding income. Some government legislation can also be a major threat to investors in the aviation industry. Intervention by the government can come with it rules which are very costly to adhere to and also competition from unexpected quarters, for example, from international airlines due to liberalization of the market. Air travel is very vulnerable to environmental changes. Heavy storms are detrimental to flight schedules, and this may mean refunding those customers who opt to cancel their flights all together other than to wait. It can also lead to loss of an asset, for example, the crashing of an aircraft. To minimize the effect of this, the airline should ensure that it is well insured against losses resulting from these weather changes. There should also be an insurance cover for its passengers. Air travel has a seasonal demand especially where the largest percentage of travelers involves those travelling for leisure. In this case, the highest demand is likely to be during international holidays like the Christmas season and a significant decrease in demand midway through the year. To ensure that there is no considerable drop in customers during the off peak seasons, the organization can come up with a method of encouraging people to travel during this period by, for example, lowering the travelling rates, offering discounts and special travelling packages. In recent times, air travel has been a target to terrorists, and this has had a very negative impact on the airlines themselves. Frequent fliers have been scared away, and the airline industry has lost a considerable number of customers. To gain back the lost confidence, an organization should carry out an extensive campaign meant to assure customers of their safety when travelling using their airline. Over the next few years, huge investments are expected to be made in the aviation industry. New airlines are likely to crop up and this will lead to a strain on the available pilots, and airport staff. This will be a limiting factor to the continued growth of the airline. To prevent this, the airline should start training its own pilots and airport staff. This would in future give it an advantage over the other airlines which would be experiencing a shortage of the same. The airline can therefore, transform this threat into an opportunity by selling some of its staff to the other businesses for a profit. With the increasing number of airlines and aircrafts, there is likely to be a marked shortage of airports and airport facilities. The airline should therefore, invest heavily in its own airports and ensure that they have ample parking bays for its aircrafts. The organization also faces the threat of being vulnerable to attacks by its major competitors. It should therefore, have all the mechanisms of counteracting this in standby so that it does not fall to accusations from other airlines. The greatest hurdle facing many airlines today is high fuel prices. A huge upward surge in fuel prices can destabilize an investment in the aviation industry. To counter this, the airline should ensure that it has its own fuel reserve so that it is not immediately affected by the changes in fuel prices as it will have time to adjust while relying on its fuel reserves. With its own reserve, it can benefit from this threat by providing that much needed resource to its competitors at a large profit margin.